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| ''Examples:'' Again taste-based discrimination (Becker, 1957), but also recent models of self-confidence (e.g., Bénabou & Tirole, 2002 QJE), ego-utility (Koszegi, 2006 JEEA) or reference-dependence (Koszegi & Rabin, 2006 QJE). | | ''Examples:'' Again taste-based discrimination (Becker, 1957), but also recent models of self-confidence (e.g., Bénabou & Tirole, 2002 QJE), ego-utility (Koszegi, 2006 JEEA) or reference-dependence (Koszegi & Rabin, 2006 QJE). |
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| === Woody ===
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| ''Rationalization'' also draws directly from Weber, and his discussion in the ''The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism'' of the disenchantment of the world. There he was talking about the replacement of tradition and charisma by calculability. Weber’s image of the iron cage – the idea that humans have become trapped in a system of technocratic thinking and rational calculation – suggests that calculable, methodical, and instrumental forms of organizing are expanding into more and more domains of modern life.
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| For readings, see Bendix 1956, in a masterful mid-20th century assessment of managerial ideologies, he describes the bureaucratization of management clearly: “The increasing size of industrial enterprises entails certain administrative problems which in each case require for their solution the addition of salaried personnel.” (p. 226) His analysis captures a secular change in the American industry by which entrepreneurs and heirs are replaced by better-educated bureaucrats.
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| For the U.S. nonprofit sector, see Hwang and Powell, ''ASQ'', 2009, where we show the adoption of strategic planning, external audits, and efficiency metrics related to admin. costs. Christof and i currently are working on a paper showing how and why the contents of rationalization change over time.
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| == Rational == | | == Rational == |