Editing Organizations and their Effectiveness (2019)

[[File: Picasso-no-banksy.gif|Inspiration from <strike>Picasso</strike> Banksy|400px|thumb|right]]

This is a page to collect resources, links, and supplementary information related to the '''Summer Institute on Organizations and their Effectiveness (2019)''' held at the [http://casbs.stanford.edu Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences (CASBS)] at Stanford University. 

The edit button is in the top corner! Click the button, '''Be bold''', and add/organize/discuss as you see fit by hitting the edit button. Please create an account! Once you do so, Mako will make your administrator so you won't have to solve CAPTCHAs anymore.

If you need help with wiki-markup or anything else, check out the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Editing_pages help documentation] or feel free to contact [[User:Benjamin Mako Hill|Mako]] or email [mailto:makohill@uw.edu email him] for fundamental concerns about the wiki. 

If you'd like to create your own etherpad for collaborative note-taking, simply create a new pad and share the URL: https://etherpad.wikimedia.org and feel free to add the link to this page.

== Workshop Information ==

* [https://atcasbs.stanford.edu/workshops/sample-page/2019-summer-institute-organizations-and-their-effectiveness/ The workshop website] has more detailed information about  (note that a login is required to access some resources).
* [https://www.zotero.org/groups/2341086/casbs_summer_institute_2019 Zotero group]: Repository with the full text of everything. Participants should all be invited already but [[Mako]] or Clark can add you if you're not on  it.

== Previous sessions ==

There are pages in this wiki created in previous sessions:

* [[Organizations and their Effectiveness (2016)]]
* [[Organizations and their Effectiveness (2017)]]

== Papers and Links ==

Some papers, links, concepts, that were mentioned in our discussions include...

=== Visit from Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar (Tuesday July 9) ===

* [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3230377 From Doctrine to Safeguards in American Constitutional Democracy] - Forthcoming UCLA Law Review paper by Cuéllar that we "might be interested in their picks up on some of yesterday’s themes."

Other potentially useful links:

* [https://law.stanford.edu/directory/mariano-florentino-cuellar/ Tino Cuéllar's website]
* [https://ourpublicservice.org/ Partnership for Public Service] is the non-profit organization arguing for increased civil service that Cuéllar thought did not do enough to emphasize the benefits that come from political appointments coming in

=== Bob's Round 2 (Wednesday July 10) ===

* [https://www.amazon.com/Managing-Future-Organizational-Behavior-Processes/dp/0324055757 Managing for the Future: Organizational Behavior and Processes] — OB book with the "three lenses:" (1) organizations as machines' (2) organizations as politics; and (3) organizations as culture

=== Organizational Ethnography (Thursday July 11) ===

Things that came up:

* [https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520224803/saints-scholars-and-schizophrenics Saints, Scholars, and Schizophrenics Mental Illness in Rural Ireland]: A founding book in medical anthropology. Includes an afterward of the way that the book brought shame to village and led to the rejection of the anthropologist.
* [http://ww.w.jthomasniu.org/class/377a/Readings/roy-bananatime.pdf Banana Time: Job satisfaction and informal interaction]: Another classic by Roy that it was suggested might be seen as "more ethnographic."
* [https://doi.org/10.1086/696137 Counting Clicks: Quantification and Variation in Web Journalism in the United States and France]: paper by Angèle Christin described in depth by Woody
* [Down and Out in the New Economy]: Ethnography of how job seekers look for work and "self brand" as businesses in the new economy

=== Rethinking Exit, Voice, and Loyalty (Thursday July 11) ===

* Examples of the "[https://medium.com/swlh/the-very-best-company-culture-decks-on-the-web-5a3de60c0bb9 the very best company culture decks]"
* [https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/262063 Formal and Real Authority in Organizations] by Philippe Aghion and Jean Tirole in the ''Journal of Political Economy''
* [http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674986930 The Rise of the Right to Know: Politics and the Culture of Transparency, 1945–1975] by Michael Schudson [Book]
* [https://www.amazon.com/Audit-Society-Rituals-Verification/dp/0198296037 The Audit Society: Rituals of Verification] by Michael Power [Book]

[[File:Climbing mount fuji.jpg|thumb|375px|Climbing Mount Fuji. If you get confused on what to do next, just head on up! When you can't do it any more, you must be on the top of Mount Fuji!]]

=== Sara Singer Debrief (Friday July 12) ===

* [https://medium.com/@cmpbl/why-one-startup-turned-away-from-medical-record-portability-9a8cacf49794 A Medium article about medical data portability startups including [https://www.ciitizen.com/ Ciitizen] (the startup that [[User:JohnA]] mentioned) and [https://citizenhealth.io/ Citizen Health] (a different startup doing the same thing!).

'''Papers about Emotions (Friday July 12)''':

* Sigal Barsade, [https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1101&context=mgmt_papers Emotional Contagion]
* Hilary Elfenbein, [https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/prd/content/qt2bn0n9mv/qt2bn0n9mv.pdf 7 Emotions in Organization]
* Mandy O'Neil, [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0001839214538636 Creating Emotional Cultures]

=== Bob on Culture (Friday July 12) ===

* Amy Edmondson's done a bunch of work on psychological safety. Places to start might include:
** "[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.2307/2666999 Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams]" paper in ASQ
** "[https://hbr.org/ideacast/2019/01/creating-psychological-safety-in-the-workplace Creating Psychological Safety in the Workplace] is a transcript of an interview with Edmondson on psychological safety published in HBR
** "[https://www.businessinsider.com/amy-edmondson-on-psychological-safety-2015-11 Google considers this to be the most critical trait of successful teams]" is a Business Insider piece on psychological safety
* "[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1987.tb00466.x Cultural Change: An Integration of Three Different Views] by Debra Meyerson and Joanne Martin: paper on three views of culture and cultural change
* [https://www.amazon.com/Organizational-Culture-Leadership-Edgar-Schein/dp/0470190604 Culture and Leadership]: book by Ed Schein that was invoked repeatedly (really, throughout the week)

=== Legitimacy (Friday July 12) ===

* Johnson et al. 2006: [https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev.soc.32.061604.123101 Legitimacy as a Social Process.]  Review of (mostly) the Soc literature on legitimacy up to 2006.
* Subbady et al. 2017: [https://journals.aom.org/doi/pdf/10.5465/annals.2015.0101 Legitimacy.] Review of a broader swath of organizations work on legitimacy and the development of a useful meta-theoretical framework.
* Tost 2011: [https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/41318091.pdf An Integrative Model of Legitimacy Judgements.] Review of social psych on legitimacy and development of an integrated process model of how legitimacy cognitive judgments work.

=== Morning Session/Stealing Sessions (Monday July 15) ===
=== Maria Guadalupe Session #1 (Monday July 15) ===

* [[:wikipedia:West Side Story|West Side Story]] which includes a good plot summary and a list of characters which might be helpful in following the different stories in the presentation.
* [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0272431684044004 Identity Formation: Discovery or Creation?] by Alan S. Waterman (1984): this piece (from psychology)

=== Maria Guadalupe Session #2 (Tuesday July 16) ===

* [https://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2009-22579-003.html Ambient Belonging: How Stereotypical Cues Impact Gender Participation in Computer Science] by Sapna Cheryan, Victoria C. Plaut, Paul G. Davies, and Claude M. Steele: paper on stereotype threat

=== Hahrie Han #1 (Tuesday July 16) ===

* [http://www.hahriehan.com/ Hahrie Han's website]
* [https://www.crossroads.net/ Crossroads Church]: Cincinnati church that runs [https://www.crossroads.net/superbowl/ The Superbowl of Preaching]
* [http://changingminds.org/explanations/power/three_faces.htm Summary of Steven Lukes' theory/book of the three faces of power]

=== Hahrie Han #2 (Wednesday July 17) ===

* Alfred P. Sloan's [https://www.amazon.com/Years-General-Motors-Alfred-Sloan/dp/0385042353 My Years in General Motors] (although it's also come up at a bunch of different points)
* Betrand and Schoar's [https://doi.org/10.1162/003355303322552775 Managing with Style: The Effect of Managers on Firm Policies] (paper on the effects of individual managers published in the Quarterly Journal of Economics)
* Brendan Nyhan and Jacob M. Montgomery's 2015 paper on “[https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12143 Connecting the Candidates: Consultant Networks and the Diffusion of Campaign Strategy in American Congressional Elections]” in the American Journal of Political Science.

=== Morning Recap (Thursday July 18) ===
* Donald Mackenzie's "[https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=M3x5tvAwzrQC&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=mckinzie+black+scholes+an+engine+not+a+camera&ots=nU8aNXwtSK&sig=BW7D-Pq6oQuZTGhdWdX_MygZ5rg#v=onepage&q=mckinzie%20black%20scholes%20an%20engine%20not%20a%20camera&f=false An Engine Not a Camera]" performativity and how models shape markets
* Brubaker and Cooper "[https://https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3108478.pdf Beyond Identity]" (paper attempt to "clean up the house" within the discussion of identity within sociology mentioned by [[User:Clarkest]])

=== Adam Reich Session 1/2 (Thursday July 18) ===

* [https://press.princeton.edu/titles/10938.html Private Government How Employers Rule Our Lives (and Why We Don't Talk about It)] by Elizabeth Anderson
* [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/048661347400600206 WHAT DO BOSSES DO?: The Origins and Functions of Capitalist Hierarchy Production] by Stephen A. Marglin
* [https://www.amazon.com/Labor-Monopoly-Capital-Degradation-Twentieth/dp/0853459401 Labor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century] by Harry Braverman
*Dev's comment on [https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10887-007-9017-z.pdf precolonial state centralization]
* [http://sgpwe.izt.uam.mx/pages/egt/Cursos/SeminarioTNC/SmileFactory.pdf THE SMILE FACTORY: WORK AT DISNEYLAND] by John Van Manaan
*Hoschild on emotional labor [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=whi61UWpoJ4C&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=arlie+hochschild+the+managed+heart&ots=A8x9iP22jv&sig=gE-1-Resfr9p0vf5IeB7gE9mWFs#v=onepage&q=arlie%20hochschild%20the%20managed%20heart&f=false Managed Heart]

=== Adam Reich Session 2/2 (Friday July 19) ===

* On the hack -- "high-stakes battle between Uber executives and drivers in California": https://www.vox.com/2019/6/18/18682002/uber-lyft-drivers-california-ab5-bill
* Geoffrey C. Bowker and Susan Leigh Star's [https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/sorting-things-out Sorting Things Out: Classification and It's Consequences]
* Evgeny Morozov's [https://thebaffler.com/latest/capitalisms-new-clothes-morozov Capitalism’s New Clothes], a Baffler review of Shoshana Zuboff's book [https://www.amazon.com/Age-Surveillance-Capitalism-Future-Frontier/dp/1610395697 The Age of Surveillance Capitalism]
* [https://www.jstor.org/stable/285355?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents The Social Construction of Facts and Artefacts: Or How the Sociology of Science and the Sociology of Technology Might Benefit Each Other] by Trevor J. Pinch and Wiebe E. Bijker
* Harvard Business Review on shutting down Uber: [https://hbr.org/2017/06/uber-cant-be-fixed-its-time-for-regulators-to-shut-it-down Uber Can’t Be Fixed — It’s Time for Regulators to Shut It Down] by Benjamin Edelman

=== Fred Turner (Thursday July 18) ===

* [https://soundcloud.com/rawdatapodcast/sets/raw-data-season-3 Fred Turner on the Raw Data podcaston Soundcloud]

=== Stealing (Friday July 19) ===

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal_distinctiveness_theory Optimal distinctiveness theory]

== Ideas for things to talk about ==

=== Scheduled Lunch Discussions in Week 2===

* Monday 12:10ish-1:10 How should we conceptualize organizational "openness"?
* Tuesday 12:40-1:15 [[:wikipedia:Stigmergy|Stigmergy]]🐜🐜🐜 and autocatalysis
** [https://wiki.communitydata.science/Organizations_and_their_Effectiveness_(2019)/autocatalysis Initial discussion]
* Thursday: Two sessions:	
** State Capacities
** Theorizing about location
* Friday 12:40-1:15 Centralized-decentralization, emergent coordination, and materialized coordination (so we have time to visit Adam too)

=== Further Ideas for Friday discussion ===
* How to ask good questions that open a conversation
* That a theory may change but social mechansims stay the same
* Woody and Bob's intellectual journey as scholars (e..g, how do you refine you ideas about networks; how do navigating going in w/ an idea in your head, modifying it over time)
* Our biggest research "failure"
* Under what conditions might delegation work? In absence of resources, in high stress, etc.?
* Emotions and/in organizations (see links above)
* Technology & organizations

== Questions and Answers ==

If you have a question, add one below. If you've got an answer to a question that's been asked, you should add it too!

=== What's the Weberian bureaucracy? ===

There's a section on the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureaucracy#Max_Weber section on Weber's theory in the Wikipedia article about bureaucracy]. According to that summary, key features include: 

* hierarchical organization
* formal lines of authority (chain of command)
* fixed area of activity
* rigid division of labor
* regular and continuous execution of assigned tasks
* all decisions and powers specified and restricted by regulations
* officials with expert training in their fields
* career advancement dependent on technical qualifications
* qualifications evaluated by organizational rules, not individuals

=== Autocatalysis, stigmergy, and multiple-networks, oh my! ===

Jon, Clark, and Bob had a brief conversation trying to unpack the autocatalysis argument and draw on Jon's expertise with modeling autocatalytic cycles.  Clark's thrown together a [[Organizations and their Effectiveness (2019)/Autocatalysis|strawman sketch]] of his understanding of the argument for correction, critique, and additional questions.

=== How are people OK with the IP transfer issue in an NASA-style open innovation? ===

This [https://www.innocentive.com/offering-overview/seeker-faqs/ Innocentive FAQ] provides the firms answers. Here's [https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/10878570410547643/full/html an interview with the CEO of Innocentive] that discusses this in some depth.  There's [https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=36046 a great HBS case by Karim Lakhani] that goes into quite a lot of detail on this.

== Key for colors in Bob's slides ==

Round 1 (SpPs/UpPs):

* <span style="color: orange;">'''Orange'''</span>: ''Unsolved political problems (UpPs)'' — invisible hand not working
* <span style="color: purple;">'''Purple'''</span>: "there is a boss"; e.g., firms, formal organizations
* <span style="color: darkgreen;">'''Green'''</span>: organized (but not an organization) — communities, etc.
* <span style="color: black;">'''Black'''</span> (sometimes): Solved political Problems (SpP) — solved by a market

Round 2 (formal/informal governance):

* <span style="color: darkblue;">'''Blue'''</span>: ''formal'' governance instruments (contracts, algorithms)
* <span style="color: red;">'''Red'''</span>: ''informal'' governance
* <span style="color: grey;">'''Grey'''</span>: shared understanding (→culture)`

Round 3:

* <span style="color: magenta;">'''Magenta'''</span>: Building an equilibrium