Editing Organizations and their effectiveness-2016/Key concept definitions
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Credibility: Reputation system works so well, I don't need conditional contracts or monitoring. | Credibility: Reputation system works so well, I don't need conditional contracts or monitoring. | ||
== Voice == | |||
=== Bo === | |||
Voice: We are in a relational contract. The world changes. We both help choose the new equilibrium. | |||
== Culture == | == Culture == | ||
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Culture: Collection of norms, see above. | Culture: Collection of norms, see above. | ||
Norm: We are in a relational contract that grants us both discretion. But we usually follow some rule (the norm) even though we technically have discretion to do whatever. Following the norm decreases our coordination costs. | Norm: We are in a relational contract that grants us both discretion. But we usually follow some rule (the norm) even though we technically have discretion to do whatever. Following the norm decreases our coordination costs. | ||
== Network == | == Network == | ||
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- All of Dan Carpenter's readings?? | - All of Dan Carpenter's readings?? | ||
=== Mara === | === Mara === | ||
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=== Bo === | === Bo === | ||
Trust: Reputation system works so well, I don't need monitoring or contracts | Trust: Reputation system works so well, I don't need monitoring or contracts. | ||
== Rationalization == | == Rationalization == | ||
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== Norms == | == Norms == | ||
=== Mara === | === Mara === | ||
Norms are intersubjective standards defining socially-appropriate behavior for a given type of actor in a given situation. They can have regulative, constitutive, permissive, prescriptive & proscriptive effects. Norms don't guarantee that agents will behave in certain ways; they only make certain behaviors more or less likely. Relatedly, norms are "counterfactually valid", meaning that specific incidences of non-compliance doesn't invalidate the norms (i.e. rules can be honored in the breach). | Norms are intersubjective standards defining socially-appropriate behavior for a given type of actor in a given situation. They can have regulative, constitutive, permissive, prescriptive & proscriptive effects. Norms don't guarantee that agents will behave in certain ways; they only make certain behaviors more or less likely. Relatedly, norms are "counterfactually valid", meaning that specific incidences of non-compliance doesn't invalidate the norms (i.e. rules can be honored in the breach). | ||
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I also defined voice from Hirschman. In keeping with Bo's efforts to craft "tweetable" definitions, mine is the following: | I also defined voice from Hirschman. In keeping with Bo's efforts to craft "tweetable" definitions, mine is the following: | ||
:: ''An attempt to maintain, improve, or repair relationships through communication (expression of dissent, frustration, agreement/support, commitment)'' | :: ''An attempt to maintain, improve, or repair relationships through communication (expression of dissent, frustration, agreement/support, commitment)'' | ||
== Contract == | == Contract == | ||
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:: ''A formal or informal agreement that establishes or codifies shared expectations through the use of commitments and/or assurances.'' | :: ''A formal or informal agreement that establishes or codifies shared expectations through the use of commitments and/or assurances.'' | ||
== Status == | |||
=== Bo === | |||
Status: Positive-sum game of deference (sometimes costly deference). | |||
== Accounts == | == Accounts == | ||
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I like the term '''accounts''' a lot. It has a discursive aspect, indeed, it has been used in a little literature on the sociology of talk (see Scott & Lyman, ASR, Feb. 1968). In this context, it refers to socially approved vocabularies, or statements made to bridge the gap between actions and expectations. P&P makes a great deal out of Renaissance account books, which detail social expectations quite clearly, and of course, double-entry bookkeeping is a topic that Padgett and Wargalien are writing about. ''Accounts are a linguistic or symbolic device employed when actions are subject to evaluative inquiries''. There is an obvious link to be built to Gibbons' use of the term stories. | I like the term '''accounts''' a lot. It has a discursive aspect, indeed, it has been used in a little literature on the sociology of talk (see Scott & Lyman, ASR, Feb. 1968). In this context, it refers to socially approved vocabularies, or statements made to bridge the gap between actions and expectations. P&P makes a great deal out of Renaissance account books, which detail social expectations quite clearly, and of course, double-entry bookkeeping is a topic that Padgett and Wargalien are writing about. ''Accounts are a linguistic or symbolic device employed when actions are subject to evaluative inquiries''. There is an obvious link to be built to Gibbons' use of the term stories. | ||
For an article on the evolution of the term "appropriate" in the context of academic entrepreneurship, see Colyvas and Powell, | For an article on the evolution of the term "appropriate" in the context of academic entrepreneurship, see Colyvas and Powell, 20006. | ||
Roads to Institutionalization: The Remaking of Boundaries Between Public and Private Science (PDF), ''Research in Organizational Behavior'', 21:305-53 (2006) Jeannette Colyvas, W.W. Powell. | Roads to Institutionalization: The Remaking of Boundaries Between Public and Private Science (PDF), ''Research in Organizational Behavior'', 21:305-53 (2006) Jeannette Colyvas, W.W. Powell. | ||
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Status and power are sometimes rolled together into the idea of social hierarchy. Social hierarchy is defined as “an implicit or explicit rank order of individuals or groups with respect to a valued social dimension” (Magee, and Galinsky, 2008, pg. 354). It is seen as a “pervasive reality of organizational and group life given differences across individuals and units in resource endowments such as capital, knowledge, authority, information, network relations, experience, charisma, etc.” (Bunderson, and Reagans, 2011, pg. 1183 - attached). I think I like Bob's better - who can exercise discretion | Status and power are sometimes rolled together into the idea of social hierarchy. Social hierarchy is defined as “an implicit or explicit rank order of individuals or groups with respect to a valued social dimension” (Magee, and Galinsky, 2008, pg. 354). It is seen as a “pervasive reality of organizational and group life given differences across individuals and units in resource endowments such as capital, knowledge, authority, information, network relations, experience, charisma, etc.” (Bunderson, and Reagans, 2011, pg. 1183 - attached). I think I like Bob's better - who can exercise discretion | ||
== Change process == | == Change process == |