Editing Public Speaking (Summer 2019)/Impromptu Speech (section)

=== Poor impromptu speeches (36 - 41) ===

;Invention: Audiences listening to poor speakers are unclear as to the relationship between the thesis, main points, and supporting examples. One or both main points are unclear to the point where a listener has difficulty identify exactly what the speaker is attempting to argue. The supporting examples are unclear and/or underdeveloped and their relationship to the main points is questionable. Usually, one major speech element is missing or significantly underdeveloped (e.g., only one piece of support for an example, a main point that only runs a few sentences, etc.). As with adequate speeches, these invention problems results in a speech that struggles to fill the time with relevant content.

;Arrangement: Audience members often have a hard time flowing poor speeches. Sometimes the points are out of balance, with one huge main point and one tiny, unsupported main point. Alternatively, poor speakers may make their main points very clear, but these arguments have little clear relationship with the thesis. The supporting examples are difficult to identify.

;Style and Delivery: The delivery of poor speakers seems to actively harm the quality of their speeches. This may be because they seem apathetic towards their topic, and/or their audience, and/or the assignment. Most of the delivery tactics that can help increase the clarity and energy of a speech (pacing, vocal variety, pausing) are absent or poorly used in poor speeches.