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Public Speaking (Summer 2019)/Impromptu Speech
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=== Adequate impromptu speeches (42 - 47) === ;Invention: Adequate speakers don’t provide a deep explanation of how the thesis, main points, and support tie together. Each argumentative element, while fine on its own, doesn’t have a strong relationship to the other argumentative elements. In some instances this results in main points that don’t relate the specificities of the thesis statement; they argue the general idea evoked by the thesis, rather than the thesis’s specific agent and mandate. As a result, the speaker’s argument is not rooted in the thesis and thus tends to be overly vague. The support examples tend to be illustrations rather than elaborations and the speaker doesn’t do as much as they need to explain how the examples relate to the main point. Usually, this vagueness results in a speech that struggles to fill the time with relevant content. ;Arrangement: It is generally easy to identify the basic idea of the main points in adequate speeches, but precision is lacking. Adequate speakers rarely preview or overtly discuss internal structure; rather, the listeners tend to make educated guesses at the nature of the supporting examples. After listening to an adequate speech, audience members can conceive of a few key changes to the arrangement that would probably increase the speech's clarity and argumentative force. The claims present in adequate speeches are generally fine (albeit with some clumsy wording), but often under-supported. ;Style and Delivery: Adequate speakers sound as if they have done a few practice impromptus, but the speech model is not yet second-nature. Adequate speakers tend to sound rather unenthused about their speech and its argument. If they are enthused, it often sounds rather forced. Audience members can detect that the pacing is off in adequate speeches. Adequate speakers haven't run impromptus enough to find the places where tempo shifts are needed or where pause breaks help direct their audiences' attention to key ideas. Ultimately, the delivery in an adequate speech does not contribute much to argument clarity or audience engagement. While adequate delivery may not detract much from the meaning of the speech, it adds little.
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