Editing Building Successful Online Communities (Fall 2016) (section)

== Schedule ==
=== October 3: Introduction & the Origins of Online Communities ===

<!-- '''Resources:'''

* [https://canvas.uw.edu/files/33451334/download?download_frd=1 Week 1 Reading Note] (Requires UW Access)
* [https://canvas.uw.edu/files/33600355/download?download_frd=1 Lecture Slides] (Requires UW Access)

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'''Required Readings:'''

* BSOC, Chapter 1 (pg. 1-17)
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulletin_board_system Bulletin board system article on Wikipedia].
* [Case] Hafner, K. (1997). [http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/5.05/ff_well_pr.html The epic saga of the WELL].
* [Case] Turner, F. (2005). [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/technology_and_culture/v046/46.3turner.html Where the counterculture met the new economy: The WELL and the origins of virtual community].

'''Optional Readings:'''

* Hauben, Michael, Ronda Hauben, and Thomas Truscott. (1997) Netizens: On the History and Impact of Usenet and the Internet. Los Alamitos, Calif: Wiley-IEEE Computer Society Press. [[http://pear.accc.uic.edu/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/608/529 Chapter 2] and [http://pear.accc.uic.edu/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/609/530 Chapter 3]]

'''Optional Video:'''

* Stanford 2011 symposium: [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B5kQYWLtW3Y From Counterculture to Cyberculture: the Legacy of the Whole Earth Catalog]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJgRHYw9-fU BBS Documentary] - This 8-part documentary is a fantastic look at the people, technology, and culture of the earliest online communities. It's long, but it's worth a watch.

=== October 10: Motivation ===

'''Resources:'''

* [https://canvas.uw.edu/files/38169846/download?download_frd=1 Week 2 Reading Note] (Requires UW Access)
* [https://canvas.uw.edu/files/38288483/download?download_frd=1 Lecture Slides Part I], [https://canvas.uw.edu/files/38288486/download?download_frd=1 Lecture Slides Part II] (Requires UW Access)

'''Required Reading:'''

* BSOC, Chapter 2, pg 21-70
* Frey, Bruno S. and Reto Jegen. 2001. “[https://www.bsfrey.ch/articles/359_01.pdf Motivation Crowding Theory].” Journal of Economic Surveys 15(5):589–611.

Our first case will just be about Wikipedia. We'll compare three different approaches to socialization in Wikipedia and talk about motivation and incentives.

* [Case] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WQR0gx0QBZ4 TED Talk by Jimmy Wales on "How a ragtag band created Wikipedia"] — This may be useful for context.
* [Case] [[:wikipedia:Template:Welcome|Template:Welcome]] — Normally, these are left on user pages. Read just down to where "Template documentation" starts.
* [Case] [[:wikipedia:Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Adventure|The Wikipedia Adventure]] (read the whole page and play the game for half an hour or so)
:The game is a few years old and may have [[:wikipedia:software rot|bit rot]]. If you run into problems, try to ignore or work around them. The point here is to just to get a feel for how the game works and what the designers were thinking.

Our second case will be about Gratipay:

* [Case] The Gratipay website's [https://gratipay.com/about/ About Page], [https://gratipay.com/about/features/ Features], [https://gratipay.com/about/features/payments Payments], [https://gratipay.com/about/features/payroll Payroll] The Gratipay system has changed a little bit over time. Try to understand what you can and we'll work the details out in class. Please click through things to read more pages and get a sense of what's going on. Come ready to discuss details of the system and the thinking of its designers.
* [Case] David Heinemeier Hansson's article on [http://david.heinemeierhansson.com/2013/the-perils-of-mixing-open-source-and-money.html "The perils of mixing open source and money"]
* [Case] Chad Whitacre's article on [https://medium.com/inside-gratipay/resentment-2c621dbd7541 "Resentment"]

'''Optional:'''

* Deci, Edward L., and Richard M. Ryan. 1985. Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. Plenum Press.
* Enjolras, Bernard. (2002) [https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8292.00197 Does the Commercialization of Voluntary Organizations ‘Crowd out’ Voluntary Work?] ''Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics'' 73 (3): 375–98.
* Gneezy, U., and A. Rustichini. (2000) [http://rady.ucsd.edu/faculty/directory/gneezy/pub/docs/fine.pdf A Fine Is a Price]. ''The Journal of Legal Studies'' 29 (1): 1–17.
* [Case] Mike Linksvayer's article on [http://gondwanaland.com/mlog/2007/01/02/wikipedia-advertising/ "I support advertising on Wikipedia"]

=== October 17: Commitment ===

'''Resources:'''

* [https://canvas.uw.edu/files/38306727/download?download_frd=1 Week 3 Reading Note] (Requires UW Access)
* [https://canvas.uw.edu/files/38427757/download?download_frd=1 Lecture Slides] (Requires UW Access)

'''Required Readings:'''

* BSOC, Chapter 3, pg 77-115

In some of these cases, there is an enormous amount of material on this page and its subpages. Poke around for 10 minutes or so on each one until you get a strong sense for who is participating and how and why people build commitment to the site and are comfortable talking about this in class:

* [Case] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Military_history WikiProject Military History] ([https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/wikimania2014/c/c1/WikiProject_Military_history_Leaflet_front_copy.png Flyer])
* [Case] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiWomen%27s_Collaborative WikiWomen's Collaborative] ([https://www.facebook.com/WikiWomensCollaborative Facebook Page], [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/wikimania2014/c/ce/Wikiwomen%27s_Collaborative_Leaflet_front_copy.png Flyer])
* [Case] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_South_Africa WikiProject South Africa] ([https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/wikimania2014/2/25/Wikiproject_South_Africa_front_copy.png Flyer])
* [Case] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Guild_of_Copy_Editors Guild of Copyeditors] ([https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/wikimania2014/e/e8/WikiProject_Guild_of_Copy_Editors_Leaflet_front_copy.png Flyer])
* [Case] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Department_of_Fun Wikipedia Department of Fun]

Several pieces about Facebook and lock-in:

* [Case] Brittany Darwell, 2012, [http://www.insidefacebook.com/2012/08/09/facebook-platform-policy-now-cleary-bans-exporting-user-data-to-competing-social-networks/ Facebook policy now clearly bans exporting user data to competing social networks]
* [Case] Ryan Singel, 2011, [http://www.wired.com/2011/06/google-facebook-export/ Taking on Facebook, Google’s social network allows data exporting business], Wired
* [Case] Benjamin Mako Hill, 2012, [http://mako.cc/copyrighteous/why-facebooks-network-effects-are-overrated Why Facebook’s Network Effects are Overrated]

'''Optional Readings:'''

* Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x The Benefits of Facebook “Friends:” Social Capital and College Students’ Use of Online Social Network Sites]. ''Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication'', 12(4), 1143–1168.

=== October 24: Rules and Governance ===

'''Resources:'''

* [https://canvas.uw.edu/files/38448386/download?download_frd=1 Week 4 Reading Note] (Requires UW Access)
* Lecture Slides [https://canvas.uw.edu/files/38575618/download?download_frd=1 Part I] and [https://canvas.uw.edu/files/38575625/download?download_frd=1 Part II] (Requires UW Access)

'''Required Readings:'''

* BSOC, Chapter 4, pg 125-170

Our first case will involve a comparison of Codes of Conduct:

* [Case] [http://www.ubuntu.com/about/about-ubuntu/conduct Ubuntu Code of Conduct]
* [Case] [https://wiki.gnome.org/action/show/Foundation/CodeOfConduct GNOME Code of Conduct]
* [Case] [http://geekfeminism.org/about/code-of-conduct/ Geek Feminism Code of Conduct]
* [Case] Valerie Aurora's essay on [https://adainitiative.org/2014/02/howto-design-a-code-of-conduct-for-your-community/ HOWTO design a code of conduct for your community], Ada Initiative (For context, you should know that Aurora is one of the authors of the the Geek Feminism code.)

Our second case will talk about Slashdot:

* [Case] [http://slashdot.org/ Slashdot]: Spend 5-10 minutes to visit the homepage, look at a story you think is interesting, and read several of the comments, paying specific attention to the rating system.
* [Case] [https://slashdot.org/faq/mod-metamod.shtml Slashdot Moderation FAQ], 2014
* [Case] Lampe, Cliff, and Paul Resnick. (2004) Slash(Dot) and Burn: Distributed Moderation in a Large Online Conversation Space. In ''Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems'', 543–50. CHI ’04. New York, NY, USA: ACM Press. [[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=985761 Official Link (available through UW libraries)]] [[http://presnick.people.si.umich.edu/papers/chi04/LampeResnick.pdf Author Website (available for free)]]

'''Optional Readings:'''

* Reagle, J. (2016). [https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814545840 the obligation to know: From FAQ to Feminism 101]. ''New Media & Society'', 18(5), 691–707. [Available through UW libraries]

=== October 31: Newcomers ===

'''Resources:'''

* [https://canvas.uw.edu/files/38637636/download?download_frd=1 Week 5 Reading Note] (Requires UW Access)
<!-- * [https://canvas.uw.edu/files/33263514/download?download_frd=1 Lecture Slides Part I] and [https://canvas.uw.edu/files/33263536/download?download_frd=1 Part 2] (Requires UW Access)
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'''Required Readings:'''

* BSOC, Chapter 5, pg 179-223

Our first case will be about the paths that folks take to join communities and will focus on the Freenet Community:

* [Case] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freenet Freenet article on Wikipedia]
* [Case] von Krogh, Georg, Sebastian Spaeth, and Karim R. Lakhani. “Community, Joining, and Specialization in Open Source Software Innovation: A Case Study.” Research Policy 32, no. 7 (July 2003): 1217–41. doi:10.1016/S0048-7333(03)00050-7. [[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048733303000507 Official Link (Available through UW libraries)]] [[http://www.ee.oulu.fi/~vassilis/courses/socialweb10F/reading_material/3/krogh03-CommunityJoiningSpecializaitonInOpenSource.pdf Preprint Link (Free Online)]]

In our second case, we're going to look at the citizen science community [[:wikipedia:Zooniverse|Zooniverse]] and the project "Planet Hunters" in particular. We're going to talk about how the community might deal with (not so hypothetical!) major influx of new users:

* [Case] Visit [https://www.zooniverse.org/ Zooniverse] and create an account. Then visit the [http://www.planethunters.org/ Planet Hunters website] and log in with your account. Spent 10-15 minutes on the site figure out how it work and doing a few tasks. 
* [Case] Mugar, G., Østerlund, C., Hassman, K. D., Crowston, K., & Jackson, C. B. (2014). [https://doi.org/10.1145/2531602.2531721 Planet Hunters and Seafloor Explorers: Legitimate Peripheral Participation Through Practice Proxies in Online Citizen Science.] In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (pp. 109–119). New York, NY, USA: ACM. ''[Available through UW libraries]''
* [Case] Kiene, C., Monroy-Hernández, A., & Hill, B. M. (2016). [https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858356 Surviving an “Eternal September”: How an Online Community Managed a Surge of Newcomers]. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1152–1156). New York, NY, USA: ACM. ''[Available through UW libraries]''

'''Optional Readings:'''

* Huang, Shih-Wen, Minhyang (Mia) Suh, Benjamin Mako Hill, Gary Hsieh. (2015) “How Activists are Both Born and Made: An Analysis of Users on Change.org.” In Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Human Interaction (CHI 2015). ACM Press. [[https://mako.cc/academic/huang_suh_hill_hsieh-changeorg_born_made-CHI2015-preprint.pdf Preprint Link (Free Online)]] [[https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2702559 Official Link (Available through UW libraries)]]
* Shaw, Aaron, and Benjamin Mako Hill. (2014) “Laboratories of Oligarchy? How the Iron Law Extends to Peer Production: Laboratories of Oligarchy.” Journal of Communication 64, no. 2 (April 2014): 215–38. doi:10.1111/jcom.12082. [[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcom.12082/full Official Link (Available through UW Libraries)] [[https://mako.cc/academic/shaw_hill-laboratories_of_oligarchy-DRAFT.pdf Preprint Link (Free Online)]]
* Preece, J., & Shneiderman, B. (2009). [http://aisel.aisnet.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004&context=thci The Reader-to-Leader Framework: Motivating Technology-Mediated Social Participation]. AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction, 1(1), 13–32.
* Morgan et al., "Tea and sympathy: crafting positive new user experiences on Wikipedia" Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW '13), Pages 839-848, ACM New York, NY, USA, 2013. [[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2441871 Official Link (Available through UW libraries)]] [[http://jtmorgan.net/jtmorgan/files/morgan_cscw2013_final.pdf Author's Website (Free Online)]]

=== November 7: Creating New Communities ===

<!-- '''Resources:'''

* [https://canvas.uw.edu/files/33342687/download?download_frd=1 Week 6 Reading Note] (Requires UW Access)
* [https://canvas.uw.edu/files/33429780/download?download_frd=1 Lecture Slides] (Requires UW Access)
-->
'''Required Readings:'''

* BSOC, Chapter 6, pg 231-276
* Hill, Benjamin Mako. [http://mako.cc/academic/hill-almost_wikipedia-DRAFT.pdf Almost Wikipedia], 2013.

Our first case will about a website called Area 51 on a platform called Stack Exchange:

* [Case] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_Exchange Stack Exchange article on Wikipedia] and [https://stackexchange.com/sites list of sites]
* [Case] [https://area51.stackexchange.com/ Area 51] (Click through and explore 5-6 proposals at different stages)
* [Case] [https://area51.stackexchange.com/faq Area 51 FAQ]

Our second case will be about a system called Snowdrift:

* [Case] Snowdrift.coop: Read at least the [https://snowdrift.coop/ top page], as well as the [https://snowdrift.coop/about the about page] and the high-level links at the top (i.e., the Illustrated intro, longer explanation, press page, who we are, and FAQ) and poke around on the rest of the site (e.g., the blog, feeds, email lists, etc).

'''Optional Readings:'''

* Bilton, Nick. “[http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/13/magazine/all-is-fair-in-love-and-twitter.html?pagewanted=all All Is Fair in Love and Twitter].” The New York Times, October 9, 2013, sec. Magazine.

=== November 14: ''NO CLASS'' ===
=== November 21: Innovation Communities ===

<!--'''Resources:'''

* [https://canvas.uw.edu/files/33600343/download?download_frd=1 Week 8 Reading Note] (Requires UW Access)
* [https://canvas.uw.edu/courses/987817/files/33724703/download?wrap=1 Lecture Slides] (Requires UW Access) 
-->

'''Required Readings:'''

* von Hippel, E. (2005). [http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm Democratizing innovation]. Read Chapters 1, 2 & 5.
* [Video Case] Lakhani, Karim R., and Zahra Kanji. Threadless: The Business of Community. Harvard Business School Press, 2008. ''[See link in [https://canvas.uw.edu/courses/1039304/discussion_topics/3329004 Week 7 Announcement (Part 2] in Canvas.]''

=== November 28: Hackers and Tensions Between Communities and Companies ===

'''Required Readings:'''

* Rosenbaum. (1971). [http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/the_spectator/2011/10/the_article_that_inspired_steve_jobs_secrets_of_the_little_blue_.single.html Secrets of the Little Blue Box] (This article was reprinted in Slate in 2011. There's also [http://www.historyofphonephreaking.org/docs/rosenbaum1971.pdf a very large PDF scan] of the original Esquire Magazine article which includes the original NSFW and offensive magazine cover image.)
* [Case] Wayner, Peter. “Tweaking a Camera to Suit a Hobby.” The New York Times, May 26, 2010, sec. Technology / Personal Tech. [http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/27/technology/personaltech/27basics.html Free Online]
* [Case] Viard, V. Brian, and Pamela Yatsko. [https://canvas.uw.edu/files/39181472/download?download_frd=1 Blizzard v. bnetd.org: Managing Intellectual Property (A)]. Stanford Graduate School of Business, 2006.

'''Optional Readings:'''

* Larkin. (2004). [http://www.wcas.northwestern.edu/projects/globalization/secure/articles/16.2larkin.pdf Degraded images, distorted sounds: Nigerian video and the infrastructure of piracy].
* Mollick, Ethan. “Tapping into the Underground.” MIT Sloan Management Review 46, no. 4 (2005): 21. [[http://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/tapping-into-the-underground/ Available through UW Libraries]]
* Mollick, Ethan. “The Engine of the Underground: The Elite-Kiddie Divide.” SIGGROUP Bull. 25, no. 2 (2005): 23–27. [[http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1067721.1067726 Available through UW Libraries]]
* Scacchi, Walt. “Computer Game Mods, Modders, Modding, and the Mod Scene.” First Monday 15, no. 5 (2010). [[http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/2965 Free Online]]

=== December 5: Crowdsourcing ===

<!-- '''Resources:'''

* [https://canvas.uw.edu/files/33600343/download?download_frd=1 Week 8 Reading Note] (Requires UW Access)
* [https://canvas.uw.edu/courses/987817/files/33628104/download?wrap=1 Lecture Slides] (Requires UW Access)
-->

Our guest lecturer will be [http://www.andresmh.com/ Andrés Monroy-Hernández].

'''Required Readings:'''

* Howe, J. (2006). [https://www.wired.com/2006/06/crowds/ The rise of crowdsourcing]. Wired Magazine, 14(6), 1–4.
* [Case] [https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSMechTurk/latest/RequesterUI/Introduction.html Amazon Mechanical Turk Requester UI Guide] ''[Skim, but make sure you're ready to submit tasks.]''
* [Case] [https://mturkpublic.s3.amazonaws.com/docs/MTURK_BP.pdf Amazon Mechanical Turk Best Practices Guide]. ''[Skim, but make sure you're ready to submit tasks.]''

'''Optional Readings:'''

Our guest speaker will be talking about these three papers. It might be good to look these over before class:

* Cranshaw, J., Monroy-Hernández, A., & Needham, S. A. (2016). [https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858573 Journeys & Notes: Designing Social Computing for Non-Places]. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 4722–4733). New York, NY, USA: ACM. [Available through UW libraries]
* Agapie, E., & Monroy-Hernández, A. (2015). [http://arxiv.org/abs/1507.01300 Eventful: Crowdsourcing Local News Reporting]. arXiv:1507.01300 [Cs].
* Kim, J., & Monroy-Hernandez, A. (2016). [https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820072 Storia: Summarizing Social Media Content Based on Narrative Theory Using Crowdsourcing]. In ''Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing'' (pp. 1018–1027). New York, NY, USA: ACM. [Available through UW libraries]

'''Assignment ''before'' class:'''

* [https://www.mturk.com/mturk/welcome mTurk] - Find and complete at least 2 "hits" as a worker on [http://mturk.com Amazon Mechnical Turk]. Note that to do this you will need to create a ''worker'' account on Mturk. 
** Record (write down) details and notes about your tasks: What did you do? Who was the requester? What could you was the purpose of the task (as best you could tell)? What was the experience like? What research applications can you (not) imagine for this kind of system? 
** If you're not a US citizen, creating an requester account is much more complicated because it involves getting paid and ensuring that you have authorization to work. ''Please just skip this part.''
* [https://www.mturk.com/mturk/welcome mTurk] Create a "requester" account. Doing so may require up top 48 hours to be approved so please do that ''immediately'' so you have it ready to go in class.
* [https://www.zooniverse.org/ Zooniverse] - Complete at least 1-2 tasks in two different projects of your choice on Zooniverse. Come to class ready to talk about it. 

'''In class exercise:'''

* Design and deploy a small-scale research task on Mturk. Note that to do this, you will need to create a ''requester'' account on Mturk. Be sure to allow some time to get the task design the way you want it! Some ideas for study designs you might do:
** A small survey. 
** Classification of texts or images (e.g., label tweets, pictures, or comments from a discussion thread).
** A small experiment (e.g., you can do a survey where you insert ''different'' images and ask the same set of questions. Check out the [https://requester.mturk.com/help/getting_started.html Mturk requester getting started guide]
* Prepare to share details of your small-scale research task in class, including results (they will come fast).

''Note:'' In terms of running your task, it will cost real money and you have to put money on your Amazon account yourself. Each group will have a $3 budget. Please use your credit card to put $3 on your account right away. You should be able to do this in class. I will pay each of you $3 in cash next week to reimburse you for the cost of running the experiment.

=== December 12: Final Presentations ===

'''No readings.'''

The final classes will be devoted entirely to presentations.

'''Resources:'''

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Benjamin_Mako_Hill/COM597A_2016Q4_Final_Presentation_Order Presentation Sign-up/Schedule] — Just edit the Wikipedia page to add your name (or just add your signature with <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>)
* [https://canvas.uw.edu/courses/1063995/assignments/3362875 Presentation Slides Dropbox in Canvas] — Slides are optional but recommended and are due by '''3:30pm before class'''. If you turn in your slides after 3:30pm, I will not have time to put them into the line-up for class.