Editing Designing Internet Research (Spring 2022) (section)

=== Wednesday April 6: Digital & Trace Ethnography ===

'''Required Readings:'''

More traditional ethnographic research in online settings:

* Hine, Christine. 2017. “Ethnographies of Online Communities and Social Media: Modes, Varieties, Affordances.” In The SAGE Handbook of Online Research Methods, edited by Nigel G. Fielding, Raymond M. Lee, and Grant Blank, 2 edition, 401–15. London, UK: SAGE. {{avail-canvas|1=https://canvas.uw.edu/files/90060250/download?download_frd=1}}
* [Selections] Jemielniak, Dariusz. 2014. Common Knowledge?: An Ethnography of Wikipedia. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ''["Introduction" and "Appendix A: Methodology"] {{avail-canvas|1=https://canvas.uw.edu/files/90060244/download?download_frd=1}}

Material on "Trace" and "network" ethnographies:

* Geiger, R. Stuart, and David Ribes. 2011. “Trace Ethnography: Following Coordination Through Documentary Practices.” In Proceedings of the 2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 1–10. HICSS ’11. Washington, DC, USA: IEEE Computer Society. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2011.455. {{avail-canvas|1=https://canvas.uw.edu/files/90060247/download?download_frd=1}}
* Geiger, R. Stuart, and Aaron Halfaker. 2017. “Operationalizing Conflict and Cooperation between Automated Software Agents in Wikipedia: A Replication and Expansion of ‘Even Good Bots Fight.’” Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 1 (CSCW): 49:1–49:33. https://doi.org/10.1145/3134684. {{avail-uw|https://doi.org/10.1145/3134684}}
* Howard, Philip N. 2002. “Network Ethnography and the Hypermedia Organization: New Media, New Organizations, New Methods.” New Media & Society 4 (4): 550–74. https://doi.org/10.1177/146144402321466813. {{avail-uw|https://doi.org/10.1177/146144402321466813}}

'''Optional Readings:'''

* Hine, Christine. 2000. Virtual Ethnography. London, UK: SAGE Publications. ''[Available from the Instructor]''
:This is the canonical book-length account and ''the'' main citation in this space.
*  Coleman, E. Gabriella. 2010. “Ethnographic Approaches to Digital Media.” Annual Review of Anthropology 39 (1): 487–505. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.012809.104945. {{avail-uw|https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.012809.104945}}
* Response by danah boyd To Hine's "Question One: How Can Qualitative Internet Researchers Define the Boundaries of Their Projects?" from Internet Inquiry: Conversations About Method, Annette Markham and Nancy Baym (Eds.), Sage, 2009, pp. 1-32. {{avail-canvas|1=https://canvas.uw.edu/files/90060245/download?download_frd=1}}
:Note: You may also be interest in reading the essay by Hine that boyd is responding to. {{avail-canvas|1=https://canvas.uw.edu/files/90060246/download?download_frd=1}}
* Hjorth, Larissa, Heather Horst, Anne Galloway, and Genevieve Bell, eds. 2016. The Routledge Companion to Digital Ethnography. New York, NY: Routledge. ''[Available from the instructor]''
* Sinanan, Jolynna, and Tom McDonald. 2018. “Ethnography.” In The SAGE Handbook of Social Media, 179–95. 55 City Road: SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473984066. {{avail-uw|https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473984066}}
* Maxwell, Joseph A. 2002. “Understanding and Validity in Qualitative Research.” In The Qualitative Researcher’s Companion, edited by A. M. Huberman and Matthew B. Miles, 37–64. London, UK: SAGE. {{avail-canvas|1=https://canvas.uw.edu/files/90060242/download?download_frd=1}}
* Champion, Kaylea, Nora McDonald, Stephanie Bankes, Joseph Zhang, Rachel Greenstadt, Andrea Forte, and Benjamin Mako Hill. 2019. “A Forensic Qualitative Analysis of Contributions to Wikipedia from Anonymity Seeking Users.” Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 3 (CSCW): 53:1–53:26. https://doi.org/10.1145/3359155. {{avail-uw|https://doi.org/10.1145/3359155}}

These are all other interesting and/or frequently cited examples of Internet-based ethnographies:

* Geiger, R. Stuart, and David Ribes. 2010. “The Work of Sustaining Order in Wikipedia:The Banning of a Vandal.” In Proceedings of the 2010 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 117–126. CSCW ’10. New York, NY, USA: ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/1718918.1718941. {{avail-uw|https://doi.org/10.1145/1718918.1718941}} — A trace ethnography and sort of the companion paper/substantive paper for the methods piece included in the required readings above.
* Brotsky, Sarah R., and David Giles. 2007. “Inside the ‘Pro-Ana’ Community: A Covert Online Participant Observation.” Eating Disorders 15 (2): 93–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/10640260701190600. {{avail-uw|https://doi.org/10.1080/10640260701190600}}
:Note: To conduct the study reported in this paper the authors created a used a fake profile in order to observe the psychological support offered to participants.
* Williams, Matthew. 2007. “Avatar Watching: Participant Observation in Graphical Online Environments.” Qualitative Research 7 (1): 5–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794107071408. {{avail-uw|https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794107071408}}
: Note: Fantastic more general introduction but takeaways that are more specifically targeted toward people studying virtual reality type environments with virtual physicality.

Charlie's optional readings (virtual world ethnographies):

* Bainbridge, William Sims. 2010. The Warcraft Civilization: Social Science in a Virtual World. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT. [mitpress https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/warcraft-civilization]
* Nardi, Bonnie A. 2009. My Life as a Night Elf Priest: An Anthropological Account of World of Warcraft. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan. {{avail-free|https://muse.jhu.edu/book/1093}}
* Pearce, Celia, Tom Boellstorff, and Bonnie A. Nardi. 2011. Communities of Play: Emergent Cultures in Multiplayer Games and Virtual Worlds. The MIT Press. [mitpress https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/communities-play]
* Boellstorff, Tom, Bonnie Nardi, Celia Pearce, T. L. Taylor, and George E. Marcus. 2012. Ethnography and Virtual Worlds: A Handbook of Method. Princeton: Princeton University Press. [https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691149509/ethnography-and-virtual-worlds]