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Innovation Communities (Spring 2016)
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== Schedule == === March 29: The User Innovation Paradigm === '''Resources:''' * [https://canvas.uw.edu/files/35813757/download?download_frd=1 Week 1 Reading Note] '''Assignment (due in class):''' :Think of an example of a user innovation that are you willing to share and discuss with the class. I'll be extra excited if you are the innovator! '''Required Readings:''' * von Hippel, Eric. [http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm Democratizing Innovation]. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 2005. ** Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview (pg 1-17) ** Chapter 3: Why Many Users Want Custom Products (pg 33-44) ** Chapter 9: Democratizing Innovation (pg 121-132) * Pisano, Gary P., and Roberto Verganti. “[https://hbr.org/2008/12/which-kind-of-collaboration-is-right-for-you Which Kind of Collaboration Is Right for You.]” Harvard Business Review 86, no. 12 (2008): 78–86. ''[Also Available through UW Libraries]'' ([http://thismomentintime.wdfiles.com/local--files/collaboration/hbr_what_collab_right.pdf Alternate Link]) * Baldwin, Carliss, and Eric von Hippel. “[http://orgsci.journal.informs.org/content/22/6/1399.abstract Modeling a Paradigm Shift: From Producer Innovation to User and Open Collaborative Innovation.]” Organization Science 22, no. 6 (December 2011): 1399 –1417. ''[Also Available through UW Libraries]'' '''Optional Readings:''' * Kragh, Peter, and Sandra Walder. Join the User Innovation Revolution. Users Innovate Publishing, 2012. ''[Available from Instructor]'' === April 5: Finding Innovations: Lead Users === '''Resources:''' * [https://canvas.uw.edu/files/35958599/download?download_frd=1 Week 2 Reading Note] '''Required Readings:''' * von Hippel, Eric. [http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm Democratizing Innovation]. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 2005. ** Chapter 2: Development of Products by Lead Users (pg 19-32) ** Chapter 10: Application: Searching for Lead User Innovations (pg 133-146) * [Case] Thomke, Stefan and Ashok Nimgade. [https://canvas.uw.edu/files/35869209/download?download_frd=1 Innovation at 3M Corp.] Harvard Business School Press, 2002. ''[Available in Canvas]'' * von Hippel, Eric, Stefan Thomke, and Mary Sonnack. “[http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?db=bth&jid=HBR&scope=site Creating Breakthroughs at 3M.]” Harvard Business Review 77, no. 5 (September 1999): 47–57. ([http://web.mit.edu/people/evhippel/papers/HBR%2099%20LU%20pub%20version%203M.pdf Alternate link]) ''[Also Available through UW Libraries]'' '''Optional Readings:''' Although it's long, the Project Handbook may be extremely useful for anybody who wants to use lead user methods for their class project: * Churchill, Joan, Eric von Hippel, and Mary Sonnack. [http://evhippel.files.wordpress.com/2013/08/lead-user-project-handbook-full-version.pdf Lead User Project Handbook: A practical guide for lead user project teams.] (Selections) Finally, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tNKrX1QxN6U this video] by Eric von Hippel on lead user methods. === April 12: Finding Innovations: Toolkits === '''Resources:''' * [https://canvas.uw.edu/files/36075985/download?download_frd=1 Week 3 Reading Note] '''Required Readings:''' * von Hippel, Eric. [http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm Democratizing Innovation]. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 2005. ** Chapter 5: Users’ Low-Cost Innovation Niches (pg 63-76) ** Chapter 11: Application: Toolkits for User Innovation and Custom Design (pg 147-164) * Hinkle, Mark. “[http://www.wired.com/insights/2013/11/open-source-a-platform-for-innovation/ Open Source: A Platform for Innovation | Innovation Insights.]” Wired: Innovation Insights, November 13, 2013. * Raymond, Eric S. [http://www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar/ The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary.] Edited by Tim O’Reilly. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly and Associates, 1999. * [Case] “[http://www.economist.com/node/7963538. Living a Second Life.]” The Economist, September 28, 2006. * [Case] Kohler, Thomas, Kurt Matzler, and Johann Füller. “[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166497208001491 Avatar-Based Innovation: Using Virtual Worlds for Real-World Innovation.]” Technovation 29, no. 6–7 (June 2009): 395–407. ''[Available through UW Libraries]'' '''Optional Readings:''' * Thomke, Stefan, and Eric von Hippel. “[http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?db=bth&jid=HBR&scope=site Customers as Innovators: A New Way to Create Value.]” Harvard Business Review 80, no. 4 (April 2002): 74–81. ''[Available through UW Libraries]'' ([http://web.mit.edu/people/evhippel/papers/HBRtoolkitsaspub.pdf Alternate Link]) * von Hippel, Eric. “[http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=4730466&site=ehost-live ‘Sticky Information’ and the Locus of Problem Solving: Implications for Innovation.]” Management Science 40, no. 4 (April 1994): 429–439. ''[Available through UW Libraries]'' ([http://evhippel.files.wordpress.com/2013/08/stickyinfo.pdf Alternate Link]) * von Hippel, Eric. “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-5885.1840247 Perspective: User Toolkits for Innovation.]” Journal of Product Innovation Management 18, no. 4 (July 2001): 247–57. ''[Available through UW Libraries]'' * von Hippel, Eric, and Ralph Katz. “[http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.48.7.821.2817 Shifting Innovation to Users via Toolkits.]” Management Science 48, no. 7 (July 2002): 821–33. ''[Available through UW Libraries]'' === April 19: Finding Innovations: Broadcast Search and Contests === '''Resources:''' * [https://canvas.uw.edu/files/36192927/download?download_frd=1 Week 4 Reading Notes] '''Required Readings:''' * Howe, Jeff. “[http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/14.06/crowds.html The Rise of Crowdsourcing.]” Wired Magazine 14, no. 6 (2006): 1–4. ''[Free Online]'' * [Case] Lakhani, Karim R., [https://canvas.uw.edu/files/36192397/download?download_frd=1 InnoCentive.com (A)]. Harvard Business School Press, 2009. ''[Available in Canvas]'' * Boudreau, Kevin J., Nicola Lacetera, and Karim R. Lakhani. “[http://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/abs/10.1287/mnsc.1110.1322 Incentives and Problem Uncertainty in Innovation Contests: An Empirical Analysis.]” Management Science 57, no. 5 (May 2011): 843–863. ''[Available through UW Libraries]'' * Wright, Randall S. “[http://www.technologyreview.com/view/515751/thinking-of-running-an-open-innovation-contest-think-again/ Thinking of Running an Open Innovation Contest? Think Again.]” MIT Technology Review, June 5, 2013. * Boudreau, Kevin J., and Karim R. Lakhani. “[http://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/how-to-manage-outside-innovation/ How to Manage Outside Innovation.]” MIT Sloan Management Review, July 1, 2009. ''[Available through UW Libraries]'' '''Optional Reading:''' * Crowdsourcing. Cambridge, Massachusetts ; London, England: The MIT Press, 2013. ([http://www.amazon.com/Crowdsourcing-MIT-Press-Essential-Knowledge/dp/0262518473 Amazon Link]) ''[Available from Instructor]'' === April 26: Finding Innovations: Collaborative Communities === '''Resources:''' * [https://canvas.uw.edu/files/36324802/download?download_frd=1 Week 5 Reading Notes] '''Required Reading:''' * von Hippel, Eric. [http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm Democratizing Innovation]. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 2005. ** Chapter 7: Innovation Communities (pg 93-106) ** [Case] Rao, Hayagreeva, Robert I. Sutton, David W. Hoyt. [https://canvas.uw.edu/files/36324660/download?download_frd=1 Mozilla: Scaling Through a Community of Volunteers]. Stanford Graduate School of Business, 2009. ''[Available in Canvas]'' ** Hill, Benjamin Mako. [http://mako.cc/academic/hill-almost_wikipedia-DRAFT.pdf Almost Wikipedia.] ''[Free Online]'' ** Murray, Fiona, and Siobhan O’Mahony. “[http://orgsci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/18/6/1006 Exploring the Foundations of Cumulative Innovation: Implications for Organization Science.]” Organization Science 18, no. 6 (November 1, 2007): 1006–1021. ''[Available through UW Libraries]'' === May 3: Applications: Remixing and Creative Innovation === '''Guest Lecture:''' :[http://andresmh.com/ Andrés Monroy-Hernández] from Microsoft Research's [http://fuse.microsoft.com/ FUSE Labs] will attend to talk with us about creative collaboration. Andrés is a technologist and researcher in social computing and civic media and an expert in remixing. He has a PhD from the [http://www.media.mit.edu/ MIT Media Lab]. '''Required Readings:''' * Lessig, Lawrence. [https://archive.org/stream/LawrenceLessigRemix/Remix-o.txt Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid Economy]. Penguin Press HC, 2008. (Introduction) * [Video Case] Lakhani, Karim R., and Zahra Kanji. Threadless: The Business of Community. Harvard Business School Press, 2008. ''[See link in [https://canvas.uw.edu/courses/1039304/discussion_topics/3329004 Week 6 Announcement] in Canvas.]'' * Hill, Benjamin Mako, and Andrés Monroy-Hernández. “[http://doi.org/10.1177/0002764212469359 The Remixing Dilemma The Trade-Off Between Generativity and Originality.]” American Behavioral Scientist 57, no. 5 (May 1, 2013): 643–663. ''[Available in UW Libraries]'' ([http://mako.cc/academic/hill_monroy-remixing_dilemma-DRAFT.pdf Alternative Link]) '''Optional Readings:''' * Sinnreich, Aram. Mashed Up: Music, Technology, and the Rise of Configurable Culture. University of Massachusetts Press, 2010. ''[Available from Instructor]'' * Vaidhyanathan, Siva. Copyrights and Copywrongs: The Rise of Intellectual Property and How It Threatens Creativity. New York: New York University Press, 2001. ''[Available from Instructor]'' === May 10: Applications: Hackers and the "Underground" === '''Required Readings:''' * Mollick, Ethan. “[http://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/tapping-into-the-underground/ Tapping into the Underground.]” MIT Sloan Management Review 46, no. 4 (2005): 21. * Rosenbaum, Ron. “[http://www.hackersinformation.com/uploads/1/9/1/6/19169525/rosenbaum71_bluebox.pdf Secrets of the Little Blue Box.]” Esquire Magazine, 1971, 116. * [Case] Viard, V. Brian, and Pamela Yatsko. [https://canvas.uw.edu/files/36571847/download?download_frd=1 Blizzard v. bnetd.org: Managing Intellectual Property (A)]. Stanford Graduate School of Business, 2006. * Wayner, Peter. “[http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/27/technology/personaltech/27basics.html Tweaking a Camera to Suit a Hobby.]” The New York Times, May 26, 2010, sec. Technology / Personal Tech. '''Optional Reading:''' * Mollick, Ethan. “[http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1067721.1067726&coll=portal&dl=ACM&idx=1067721&part=periodical&WantType=periodical&title=ACM%20SIGGROUP%20Bulletin&CFID=48537382&CFTOKEN=44000659 The Engine of the Underground: The Elite-Kiddie Divide.]” SIGGROUP Bull. 25, no. 2 (2005): 23–27. * Scacchi, Walt. “[http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/2965 Computer Game Mods, Modders, Modding, and the Mod Scene.]” First Monday 15, no. 5 (2010). [Free Online] === May 17: Challenges: Commercialization and Communities === '''Required Readings:''' * von Hippel, Eric. [http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm Democratizing Innovation]. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 2005. ** Chapter 6: Why Users Often Freely Reveal Their Innovations * [Case] Greenstein, Shane, Rebecca Frazzano, and Evan Meagher. [https://canvas.uw.edu/files/36739064/download?download_frd=1 Triumph of the Commons: Wikia and the Commercialization of Open-Source Communities in 2009.] Kellogg School of Management, 2009. * Hill, Benjamin Mako. “[http://mako.cc/writing/funding_volunteers/funding_volunteers.html Problems and Strategies in Financing Voluntary Free Software Projects.]” In Proceedings of LinuxTag, 2005. '''Optional Reading:''' * Frey, Bruno S., and Reto Jegen. “[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-6419.00150/abstract Motivation Crowding Theory.]” Journal of Economic Surveys 15, no. 5 (2001): 589–611. * Raasch, Christiana, and Eric von Hippel (2012), “[http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2167948 Amplifying user and producer innovation: The power of participation motives.]” MIT Sloan School of Management Working Paper (October). * Hutter, Katja, Julia Hautz, Johann Füller, Julia Mueller, and Kurt Matzler. “[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-8691.2011.00589.x/full Communitition: The Tension between Competition and Collaboration in Community-Based Design Contests.]” Creativity and Innovation Management 20, no. 1 (2011): 3–21. === May 24: Applications: Human Computation === The class will focus on issues in crowdsourcing and human computation. Our discussion will emphasize [http://mturk.com/ Amazon's Mechanical Turk Marketplace] and [https://www.zooniverse.org/ Zooniverse]. '''Required Readings:''' * Revisit Jeff Howe's Wired article, [http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/14.06/crowds.html The Rise of Crowdsourcing.] * [https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSMechTurk/latest/RequesterUI/Introduction.html Amazon Mechanical Turk Requester UI Guide] ''[Skim, but make sure you're ready to submit tasks.]'' * [https://mturkpublic.s3.amazonaws.com/docs/MTURK_BP.pdf Amazon Mechanical Turk Best Practices Guide]. ''[Skim, but make sure you're ready to submit tasks.]'' * Shaw, A. (2015). [https://canvas.uw.edu/files/36878600/download?download_frd=1 Hired Hands and Dubious Guesses: Adventures in Crowdsourced Data Collection]. In E. Hargittai & C. Sandvig (Eds.), Digital Research Confidential: The Secrets of Studying Behavior Online. The MIT Press. * von Ahn, Luis. [https://www.ted.com/talks/luis_von_ahn_massive_scale_online_collaboration?language=en Massive Scale Human Collaboration] (TedX video lecture). * Chris Lintott's TEDxCERN talk on [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kvpUiBqHoVM How to discover a planet from your sofa]. 2013. '''Assignment ''before'' class:''' * [https://www.mturk.com/mturk/welcome mTurk] - Find and complete at least 2 "hits" as a worker on [http://mturk.com Amazon Mechnical Turk]. Note that to do this you will need to create a ''worker'' account on Mturk. ** Record (write down) details and notes about your tasks: What did you do? Who was the requester? What could you was the purpose of the task (as best you could tell)? What was the experience like? What research applications can you (not) imagine for this kind of system? ** If you're not a US citizen, creating an requester account is much more complicated because it involves getting paid and ensuring that you have authorization to work. Please just skip this part. * [https://www.mturk.com/mturk/welcome mTurk] Create a "requester" account. Doing so may require up top 48 hours to be approved so please do that ''immediately'' so you have it ready to go in class. * [https://www.zooniverse.org/ Zooniverse] - Complete at least 1-2 tasks in two different projects of your choice on Zooniverse. Come to class ready to talk about it. '''In class exercise:''' * Design and deploy a small-scale research task on Mturk. Note that to do this, you will need to create a ''requester'' account on Mturk. Be sure to allow some time to get the task design the way you want it! Some ideas for study designs you might do: ** A small survey. ** Classification of texts or images (e.g., label tweets, pictures, or comments from a discussion thread). ** A small experiment (e.g., you can do a survey where you insert ''different'' images and ask the same set of questions. Check out the [https://requester.mturk.com/help/getting_started.html Mturk requester getting started guide] * Prepare to share details of your small-scale research task in class, including results (they will come fast). ''Note:'' In terms of running your task, it will cost real money and you have to put money on your Amazon account yourself. You've each got a $3 budget. Please use your credit card to put $3 on your account right away. I will pay each of you $3 in cash next week to reimburse you for the cost of running the experiment. === May 31: Challenges: Resistance to Innovation === '''Note: The final session will be devoted to final presentations.''' '''Optional Readings:''' * Morison, Elting. “[Gunfire at Sea: A Case Study of Innovation.” Men, Machines, and Modern Times, 1966, 17–44. * [Case] Chesbrough, Henry W., and Alexander Stern. Webasto: Co-Creating Innovation with Lead Users. UCB - Haas School of Business, 2012.
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