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Designing Internet Research (Winter 2020)
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==== Part I: Digital & Trace Ethnography ==== '''Required Readings:''' More traditional ethnographic research in online settings: * Hines, Christine. 2017. “Ethnographies of Online Communities and Social Media: Modes, Varieties, Affordances.” In The SAGE Handbook of Online Research Methods, edited by Nigel G. Fielding, Raymond M. Lee, and Grant Blank, 2 edition, 401–15. London, UK: SAGE. ''[[https://canvas.uw.edu/files/61411232/download?download_frd=1 Available in Canvas]]'' * [Selections] Jemielniak, Dariusz. 2014. Common Knowledge?: An Ethnography of Wikipedia. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ''["Introduction" and "Appendix A: Methodology"; [https://canvas.uw.edu/files/61411233/download?download_frd=1 Available in Canvas]]'' Material on "Trace" and "network" ethnographies: * Geiger, R. Stuart, and David Ribes. 2011. “Trace Ethnography: Following Coordination Through Documentary Practices.” In Proceedings of the 2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 1–10. HICSS ’11. Washington, DC, USA: IEEE Computer Society. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2011.455. ''[[https://canvas.uw.edu/files/61467087/download?download_frd=1 Available in Canvas]]'' * Geiger, R. Stuart, and Aaron Halfaker. 2017. “Operationalizing Conflict and Cooperation between Automated Software Agents in Wikipedia: A Replication and Expansion of ‘Even Good Bots Fight.’” Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 1 (CSCW): 49:1–49:33. https://doi.org/10.1145/3134684. ''[[https://doi.org/10.1145/3134684 Available through UW libraries]]'' * Howard, Philip N. 2002. “Network Ethnography and the Hypermedia Organization: New Media, New Organizations, New Methods.” New Media & Society 4 (4): 550–74. https://doi.org/10.1177/146144402321466813. ''[[https://doi.org/10.1177/146144402321466813 Available through UW libraries]]'' '''Optional Readings:''' * Hine, Christine. 2000. Virtual Ethnography. London, UK: SAGE Publications. ''[Available from the Instructor]'' :This is the canonical book-length account and ''the'' main citation in this space. * Coleman, E. Gabriella. 2010. “Ethnographic Approaches to Digital Media.” Annual Review of Anthropology 39 (1): 487–505. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.012809.104945. ''[[https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.012809.104945 Available through UW libraries]]'' * Response by danah boyd To Hine's "Question One: How Can Qualitative Internet Researchers Define the Boundaries of Their Projects?" from Internet Inquiry: Conversations About Method, Annette Markham and Nancy Baym (Eds.), Sage, 2009, pp. 1-32. ''[[https://canvas.uw.edu/files/61411259/download?download_frd=1 Available in Canvas]]'' :Note: You may also be interest in reading the essay by Hine that boyd is responding to. ''[[https://canvas.uw.edu/files/61411258/download?download_frd=1 Available in Canvas]]'' * Hjorth, Larissa, Heather Horst, Anne Galloway, and Genevieve Bell, eds. 2016. The Routledge Companion to Digital Ethnography. New York, NY: Routledge. ''[Available from the instructor]'' * Sinanan, Jolynna, and Tom McDonald. 2018. “Ethnography.” In The SAGE Handbook of Social Media, 179–95. 55 City Road: SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473984066. ''[[https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473984066 Available through UW libraries]]'' * Maxwell, Joseph A. 2002. “Understanding and Validity in Qualitative Research.” In The Qualitative Researcher’s Companion, edited by A. M. Huberman and Matthew B. Miles, 37–64. London, UK: SAGE. ''[[https://canvas.uw.edu/files/61411296/download?download_frd=1 Available in Canvas]]'' * Champion, Kaylea, Nora McDonald, Stephanie Bankes, Joseph Zhang, Rachel Greenstadt, Andrea Forte, and Benjamin Mako Hill. 2019. “A Forensic Qualitative Analysis of Contributions to Wikipedia from Anonymity Seeking Users.” Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 3 (CSCW): 53:1–53:26. https://doi.org/10.1145/3359155. ''[[https://doi.org/10.1145/3359155 Available through UW libraries]]'' These are all other interesting and/or frequently cited examples of Internet-based ethnographies: * Geiger, R. Stuart, and David Ribes. 2010. “The Work of Sustaining Order in Wikipedia:The Banning of a Vandal.” In Proceedings of the 2010 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 117–126. CSCW ’10. New York, NY, USA: ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/1718918.1718941. ''[[https://doi.org/10.1145/1718918.1718941 Available through UW libraries]]'' — A trace ethnography and sort of the companion paper/substantive paper for the methods piece included in the required readings above. * Brotsky, Sarah R., and David Giles. 2007. “Inside the ‘Pro-Ana’ Community: A Covert Online Participant Observation.” Eating Disorders 15 (2): 93–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/10640260701190600. ''[[https://doi.org/10.1080/10640260701190600 Available through UW libraries]]'' :Note: To conduct the study reported in this paper the authors created a used a fake profile in order to observe the psychological support offered to participants. * Williams, Matthew. 2007. “Avatar Watching: Participant Observation in Graphical Online Environments.” Qualitative Research 7 (1): 5–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794107071408. ''[[https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794107071408 Available through UW libraries]]'' : Note: Fantastic more general introduction but takeaways that are more specifically targeted toward people studying virtual reality type environments with virtual physicality. Charlie's optional readings (virtual world ethnographies): * Bainbridge, William Sims. 2010. The Warcraft Civilization: Social Science in a Virtual World. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT. [mitpress https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/warcraft-civilization] * Nardi, Bonnie A. 2009. My Life as a Night Elf Priest: An Anthropological Account of World of Warcraft. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan. [free pdfs https://muse.jhu.edu/book/1093] * Pearce, Celia, Tom Boellstorff, and Bonnie A. Nardi. 2011. Communities of Play: Emergent Cultures in Multiplayer Games and Virtual Worlds. The MIT Press. [mitpress https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/communities-play] * Boellstorff, Tom, Bonnie Nardi, Celia Pearce, T. L. Taylor, and George E. Marcus. 2012. Ethnography and Virtual Worlds: A Handbook of Method. Princeton: Princeton University Press. [https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691149509/ethnography-and-virtual-worlds]
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